NEET Biology Syllabus 2027 is composed of topics covered in Classes 11 and 12 Botany and Zoology. Biology carries 360 marks (90 questions × 4 marks), making it the highest-weighted subject in NEET - approximately 50% of the total marks. The syllabus is based entirely on the NCERT Biology textbooks, making thorough revision of Class 11 and 12 NCERT Biology essential for every aspirant.
NEET Biology has 32 NCERT chapters in total - 19 chapters in Class 11 and 13 chapters in Class 12, organised by NTA into 10 syllabus units (5 per class). The full chapter list with free PDF downloads is available further down this page.
Also Check: NEET Biology MCQs
NEET 2027 Biology Syllabus - Class 11 (Botany and Zoology)
| Unit | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| Unit I - Diversity in Living World | What is living? Biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy - museums, zoos, herbaria, botanical gardens. Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; lichens; viruses and viroids. Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category). Salient features and classification of animals - non-chordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level. |
| Unit II - Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals | Morphology and modifications; tissues; anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Animal tissues; morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach) - brief account only. |
| Unit III - Cell Structure and Function | Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles; nucleus - nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus. Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules - structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzymes - types, properties, enzyme action. Cell division: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance. |
| Unit IV - Plant Physiology | Transport in plants: movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport - diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations - imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water - absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration - opening and closing of stomata; uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients; phloem transport; mass flow hypothesis. Mineral nutrition: essential minerals, macro and micronutrients; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; nitrogen metabolism - nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation. Photosynthesis: photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis; pigments involved in photosynthesis; photochemical and biosynthetic phases; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis. Respiration: exchange gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient. Plant growth and development: seed germination; phases of plant growth; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism. |
| Unit V - Human Physiology | Digestion and absorption; alimentary canal and digestive glands; role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; peristalsis; digestion, absorption and assimilation; nutritional and digestive disorders. Breathing and respiration: respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation; exchange of gases, transport of gases; respiratory volumes; disorders - asthma, emphysema. Body fluids and circulation: composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation; composition of lymph; human circulatory system; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; disorders of circulatory system. Excretory products and their elimination: human excretory system; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function; disorders. Locomotion and movement: skeletal muscle - contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system; joints; disorders. Neural control and coordination: neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sense organs - elementary structure and function of eye and ear. Chemical coordination and regulation: endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system; mechanism of hormone action; disorders (dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goitre, diabetes, Addison's disease). |
NEET 2027 Biology Syllabus - Class 12 (Botany and Zoology)
| Unit | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| Unit I - Reproduction | Reproduction in organisms: modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual; asexual reproduction: binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post-fertilization events; special modes - apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony. Human reproduction: male and female reproductive systems; gametogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization; embryo development; pregnancy and placenta formation; parturition; lactation. Reproductive health: prevention of sexually transmitted diseases; birth control; amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT. |
| Unit II - Genetics and Evolution | Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory; sex determination; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders - Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes. Molecular basis of inheritance: search for genetic material; DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - Lac Operon; genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting. Evolution: origin of life; biological evolution and evidences; Darwin's contribution; modern synthetic theory; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution. |
| Unit III - Biology and Human Welfare | Health and disease; pathogens causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm); basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer; HIV and AIDS; adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse. Improvement in food production: plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification; apiculture and animal husbandry. Microbes in human welfare: in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. |
| Unit IV - Biotechnology and its Applications | Principles and process of biotechnology: genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology). Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: human insulin and vaccine production; gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues - biopiracy and patents. |
| Unit V - Ecology and Environment | Organisms and environment: habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. Ecosystem: patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorus); ecological succession; ecological services. Biodiversity and its conservation: concept of biodiversity; patterns, importance, loss; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries. Environmental issues: air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; greenhouse effect and global warming; ozone depletion; deforestation. |
NEET Biology Chapter Weightage Analysis (2023-2025)
Biology accounts for 90 questions in NEET. The table below shows the approximate chapter-wise distribution from NEET 2023 to NEET 2025.
| Unit / Topic Area | NEET 2025 (Q) | NEET 2024 (Q) | NEET 2023 (Q) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diversity in Living World (Unit I-II, Class 11) | 11 | 12 | 11 |
| Cell Structure and Function (Unit III, Class 11) | 8 | 8 | 9 |
| Plant Physiology (Unit IV, Class 11) | 8 | 7 | 8 |
| Human Physiology (Unit V, Class 11) | 14 | 15 | 14 |
| Reproduction (Unit I, Class 12) | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Genetics and Evolution (Unit II, Class 12) | 16 | 15 | 15 |
| Biology and Human Welfare (Unit III, Class 12) | 8 | 9 | 9 |
| Biotechnology (Unit IV, Class 12) | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| Ecology and Environment (Unit V, Class 12) | 9 | 9 | 8 |
| Total | 90 | 90 | 90 |
NEET Biology Unit-wise Weightage
| Class | Unit | Chapters | Approximate Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class 11 | I | Diversity of Living Organisms | 12% |
| II | Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals | 9% | |
| III | Cell: Structure and Function | 8% | |
| IV | Plant Physiology | 8% | |
| V | Human Physiology | 16% | |
| Class 12 | VI | Reproduction | 11% |
| VII | Genetics and Evolution | 13% | |
| VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | 9% | |
| IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | 4% | |
| X | Ecology and Environment | 10% |
Important Topics for NEET Biology 2027
- Genetics and Evolution - highest weightage (15-16 questions); Molecular Basis of Inheritance is especially critical
- Human Physiology - 14-15 questions consistently; Digestion, Neural Control, Excretory System are high-yield
- Diversity in Living World - 11-12 questions; Classification, Plant Kingdom, Animal Kingdom important
- Reproduction - 10 questions; Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants and Human Reproduction
- Ecology - 8-9 questions; Ecosystem, Biodiversity and Environmental Issues are recurring
- Cell Biology and Biomolecules - 8-9 questions; Cell Division, Biomolecules are frequently tested
NEET Biology Syllabus Preparation Tips
Students are advised to analyse the Class 11 and 12 NEET Biology syllabus thoroughly and plan a suitable preparation strategy to complete the entire syllabus well in time. Follow NCERT textbooks to develop a thorough understanding of basic concepts. Also, practice all the diagrams illustrated in the NCERT textbooks. Solve previous years' NEET question papers to get a thorough idea of the examination pattern.
Give more importance to concepts like Diversity in the Living World, Human Physiology, Genetics, Evolution, Biotechnology, and Structural Organisation (plants, animals) as several questions have been asked from these concepts over the past few years. Practice numerical problems from Genetics. Prepare Plant Physiology, Human Physiology, Biomolecules, and Cell Biology from Class 11 NCERT Textbooks. Also, remember the common and scientific names of organisms from Plantae and Animalia kingdoms.
See Also
NCERT Biology Chapter-wise PDF Downloads
Download chapter-wise NCERT Biology PDFs for free. These are the official NCERT textbook chapters used for NEET 2027 preparation.
Class 11 Biology - NCERT Chapters
| Chapter | Topic | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | Diversity in the Living World | Download PDF |
| Chapter 2 | Biological Classification | Download PDF |
| Chapter 3 | Plant Kingdom | Download PDF |
| Chapter 4 | Animal Kingdom | Download PDF |
| Chapter 5 | Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals | Download PDF |
| Chapter 6 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants | Download PDF |
| Chapter 7 | Structural Organisation in Animals | Download PDF |
| Chapter 8 | Cell: Structure and Functions | Download PDF |
| Chapter 9 | Biomolecules | Download PDF |
| Chapter 10 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division | Download PDF |
| Chapter 11 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants | Download PDF |
| Chapter 12 | Respiration in Plants | Download PDF |
| Chapter 13 | Plant Growth and Development | Download PDF |
| Chapter 14 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases | Download PDF |
| Chapter 15 | Body Fluids and Circulation | Download PDF |
| Chapter 16 | Excretory Products and Their Elimination | Download PDF |
| Chapter 17 | Locomotion and Movement | Download PDF |
| Chapter 18 | Neural Control and Coordination | Download PDF |
| Chapter 19 | Chemical Coordination and Integration | Download PDF |
Class 12 Biology - NCERT Chapters
| Chapter | Topic | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | Reproduction (Sexual Reproduction in Plants) | Download PDF |
| Chapter 2 | Human Reproduction | Download PDF |
| Chapter 3 | Reproductive Health | Download PDF |
| Chapter 4 | Genetics and Evolution | Download PDF |
| Chapter 5 | Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Download PDF |
| Chapter 6 | Evolution | Download PDF |
| Chapter 7 | Biology in Human Welfare | Download PDF |
| Chapter 8 | Microbes in Human Welfare | Download PDF |
| Chapter 9 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | Download PDF |
| Chapter 10 | Biotechnology and Its Applications | Download PDF |
| Chapter 11 | Ecology | Download PDF |
| Chapter 12 | Ecosystem | Download PDF |
| Chapter 13 | Biodiversity and Conservation | Download PDF |